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Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American physician and NASA astronaut. She became the first African American woman to travel in space when she went into orbit aboard the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' on September 12, 1992. After her medical education and a brief general practice, Jemison served in the Peace Corps from 1985 to 1987, when she was selected by NASA to join the astronaut corps. She resigned from NASA in 1993 to form a company researching the application of technology to daily life. She has appeared on television several times, including as an actress in an episode of ''Star Trek: The Next Generation''. She is a dancer, and holds nine honorary doctorates in science, engineering, letters, and the humanities. She is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship organization. ==Background and education== Mae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, on October 17, 1956,〔("Mae C. Jemison" ), Bio.〕 the youngest child of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Green. Her father was a maintenance supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school teacher of English and math at the Beethoven School in Chicago.〔''Chicago Sun Times''. "Dorothy Mae Green Jemison, Educator", November 3, 1993.〕 The family moved to Chicago, Illinois, when Jemison was three years old, to take advantage of better educational opportunities there. Jemison says that as a young girl growing up in Chicago she always assumed she would get into space. "I thought, by now, we'd be going into space like you were going to work."〔 She said it was easier to apply to be a shuttle astronaut, "rather than waiting around in a cornfield, waiting for ET to pick me up or something." In her childhood, Jemison learned to make connections to science by studying nature. Once when a splinter infected her thumb as a little girl, Jemison's mother turned it into a learning experience. She ended up doing a whole project about pus.〔 Jemison would not let anyone dissuade her from pursuing a career in science. "In kindergarten, my teacher asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up, and I told her a scientist," Jemison says. "She said, 'Don't you mean a nurse?' Now, there's nothing wrong with being a nurse, but that's not what I wanted to be."〔 Jemison says she was inspired by Martin Luther King Jr.; to her King's dream was not an elusive fantasy but a call to action. "Too often people paint him like Santa -- smiley and inoffensive," says Jemison. "But when I think of Martin Luther King, I think of attitude, audacity, and bravery."〔Desiree Cooper, "Stargazer turned astronaut credits the MLK dream," ''Detroit Free Press,'' January 20, 2008; reprinted at (blackamericans.com ) (accessed February 5, 2013).〕 Jemison thinks the civil rights movement was all about breaking down the barriers to human potential. "The best way to make dreams come true is to wake up."〔 Jemison loved science growing up but she also loved the arts.〔 Jemison began dancing at the age of 11. "I love dancing! I took all kinds of dance — African dancing, ballet, jazz, modern — even Japanese dancing. I wanted to become a professional dancer," said Jemison. At the age of 14 in high school she auditioned for the leading role of "Maria" in ''West Side Story.''〔 She did not get the part but Jemison's dancing skills did get her into the line up as a background dancer. "I had a problem with the singing but I danced and acted pretty well enough for them to choose me. I think that people sometimes limit themselves and so rob themselves of the opportunity to realise their dreams. For me, I love the sciences and I also love the arts," says Jemison.〔 "I saw the theatre as an outlet for this passion and so I decided to pursue this dream."〔 Later during her senior year in college, she was trying to decide whether to go to New York to medical school or become a professional dancer. Her mother told her, "You can always dance if you're a doctor, but you can't doctor if you're a dancer." Jemison graduated from Chicago's Morgan Park High School in 1973〔Haynes, Karima A. ("Mae Jemison: coming in from outer space" ), ''Ebony'', December 1992. Accessed September 6, 2007: "Perhaps the most moving tribute came during a homecoming rally at Morgan Park High School, where Jemison graduated in 1973."〕 and entered Stanford University at the age of 16.〔 "I was naive and stubborn enough that it didn’t faze me," Jemison said.〔 "It’s not until recently that I realized that 16 was particularly young or that there were even any issues associated with my parents having enough confidence in me to (me to ) go that far away from home."〔 Jemison graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a B.S. in chemical engineering and fulfilling the requirements for a B.A. in African and Afro-American Studies.〔 Jemison said that majoring in engineering as a black woman was difficult because race was always an issue in the United States.〔 "Some professors would just pretend I wasn't there. I would ask a question and a professor would act as if it was just so dumb, the dumbest question he had ever heard. Then, when a white guy would ask the same question, the professor would say, 'That's a very astute observation.'" In an interview with the ''Des Moines Register'' in 2008 Jemison said that it was difficult to go to Stanford at 16, but thinks her youthful arrogance may have helped her.〔 "I did have to say, 'I'm going to do this and I don't give a crap (damn).'" She points out the unfairness of the necessity for women and minorities to have that attitude in some fields.〔 Jemison obtained her Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981 from Cornell Medical College (now Weill Cornell Medical College) at Cornell University. She interned at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center and later worked as a general practitioner. During medical school Jemison traveled to Cuba, Kenya and Thailand, to provide primary medical care to people living there.〔 During her years at Cornell Medical College, Jemison took lessons in modern dance at the Alvin Ailey school.〔 Jemison later built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern jazz and African dance.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mae Jemison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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